The most common and severe road accidents are collisions between means of transport and collisions with stationary obstacles. (hover).

The most important factor, which should be taken into account when conducting a comparative analysis of road accidents, is the type of accident assessed depending on the type of collision and the location of the car, hit. Investigating the nature and magnitude of deformations separately for each car involved in a collision allows in each specific case to determine the direction of the collision line and to determine the direction of the strongest impact..

Statistical analysis of the number of car collisions depending on the direction of the impact

The figure shows the result of the statistical analysis of car collisions depending on the direction of the impact. Based on the statistical data, a conclusion can be made, that the main group of collisions are head-on collisions.

Depending on the direction of impact and the nature of the acting loads, the following collision classification can be proposed:
- frontal collision, i.e. an impact with the front part of the car, collision of the vehicle by its front part with a moving or stationary object, when the action of the impact force, is in line with the direction of movement of the vehicle's center of mass);
- rear impact, i.e. an impact with the rear of the vehicle (collision of the vehicle with its rear part with a moving or stationary object);
- side impact, that is, an impact with the right or left side of the vehicle along its entire length (collision of the vehicle with its side part with an object moving in the direction crossing the moss direction of the vehicle).

In a vehicle collision, the force of the impact acts along the line defining the direction of the impact. Along this line, the car deforms and its individual assemblies and aggregates are displaced. The location of the collision line significantly influences the nature of the primary and secondary impacts.

Due to the type of collision it may occur:
- hitting a piglet, i.e. such a collision of a vehicle with another object, when their point of contact is on the longitudinal or transverse axis of the vehicle connecting the centers of mass of the colliding objects;
- eccentric impact, i.e. such a collision of a vehicle with another object, when the point of tangency is outside the line joining their centers of mass, and their directions of movement are either parallel, be perpendicular;
- oblique strike, i.e. a collision of a vehicle with an object at any angle (α ≠ 90 °) relative to the direction of its movement.

Unlike passenger cars, the construction of the right-hand side of all trucks includes a support frame. In that case, for. In order to obtain an accurate picture of the collision phenomenon, the point of application of the impact force or directly to the frame should also be taken into account, be above her (to the cab or to the box bed), because the value of the contact force depends on it due to the different damping properties of the vehicle frame and cabin.

Very often, vehicles collide, with objects weighing significantly less than the mass of the vehicle, as a result, the victim becomes an object of less mass, and the vehicle and its passengers are hardly affected by the effects of a collision. This fact requires taking it into account in the collision classification, because the safety of low-mass objects should also be ensured (passers-by, animals etc.). The collision classification is given in the table.

In conclusion, it should be emphasized, that the correct classification of collisions according to their types and directions of force action ensures sufficient, accuracy of car model selection from the point of view of calculations and safety analysis, and also allows you to direct the strategy and tactics of their further refinement.