Independent suspension. With this suspension, each of the front or rear wheels is individually connected to a frame or a self-supporting body, so that the swivel of one wheel does not change the position of the other wheel of the same axle. Today, most modern passenger cars have all four wheels independently suspended. The FSO Warszawa axis does not have a beam, the task of which is fulfilled by the control arm system, articulated with switches. In this case, each steering knuckle together with the car wheel has the ability to rotate around the steering knuckle. The fork-shaped suspension arms enable the transfer of forces generated by braking and accelerating the vehicle. The coil spring is seated on a pressed lower arm plate, and its upper end rests against the crossbar of the frame. Inside the spring there is a single-acting telescopic shock absorber. The wheel can be suspended on two transverse springs, on the spring and swingarm, on two wishbones, on two trailing arms, mounted on two transverse torsion bars, constituting spring elements. The double-articulated oscillating axle can be suspended on a transverse spring or on coil springs. In the Polski Fiat 125P car, the front wheels are independently suspended on wishbones equipped with coil springs and telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers with a stabilizer bar.. The lower arms are equipped with reaction rods (torsion).