Petroleum . It is a mineral, the largest deposits of which are in Russia, USA, Iran, Iraq, Arabs, Venezuela, Dutch India and Romania. Crude oil is a dark liquid, contaminated with sand and water, with a characteristic smell. Often, due to the relatively high water content, it is an oil emulsion. The external appearance of the oil, c. on. and smell depend on its chemical composition. The color of the pus may be yellow, brown, greenish and even black. Consistency - liquid to semi-solid. Depending on the advantage of these or other chemical components, a distinction is made between crude oil: 1) paraffin, with a predominance of paraffinic hydrocarbons - American crude oils, 2) without paraffin, 3) naphthenic, predominantly naphthenic hydrocarbons - Caucasian crude oil, 4) asphalt, 5) without asphalt, 6) mixed (e.g. paraffin – asphalt). C. on. crude oil ranges from 0,75 into 1,1, calorific value from 9 500 into 10 000 inch/kg. Chemically, oil is a complex mixture of chemicals, mainly hydrocarbons, from light ones (methane - CH4) to heavy. Apart from hydrocarbons, acids are present in relatively small amounts, nitrogen bases, oxygen compounds and sulfur compounds. After initial oil cleaning and dehydration at the production site, it is carried out by pipeline or transported to a refinery. This is where its actual transformation begins, called fractionated distillation. Oil distillation products, whose distributor is CPN and which are used for construction purposes. These are: 1. Propellants: a) liquid gas, b) car fuels, which include motor gasoline, car mixtures and motor benzol (Benzol is not a petroleum derivative product, but by carbohydrate, however, it is used as a component of automotive blends and is therefore listed here), c) oil (fuel) tractor and d) diesel oils. 2. Lubricating oils: a) regular and selective engine oils, b) oils for gears and shock absorbers, c) ordinary or special lubricating oils (according to the CPN nomenclature), i.e.. spindle, machine, axial (wagon), for compressors, Cylinder. 3. Solid lubricants: a) smary Tovotte’a, b) automotive grease ST, c) steel greases for rolling bearings, d) wire rope lubricants, e) gear lubricant, f) lubricants for cars, g) technical Vaseline. h) drive belt wax and i) lubricating emulsions. 4) Other products of distillation, like paraffin, used in certain categories of construction works.